AMC Clinical Important Topics: Key Areas to Master

Key AMC Clinical Important Topics For The Exam

Preparing for the Australian Medical Council (AMC) Clinical Examination means going beyond memorising facts. You need to handle realistic clinical scenarios under time pressure, communicate clearly, and show safe judgement at the level of an Australian intern. Focusing on the right AMC Clinical Important Topics and AMC Clinical Key Topics will help you study efficiently and build confidence.

This guide is written for international medical graduates, overseas-trained doctors, and GPs seeking structured learning and CPD. It outlines the core AMC Clinical Important Topics, explains how the exam is structured, and offers practical preparation tips so you can perform at your best.

“Listen to your patient; they are telling you the diagnosis.” — Sir William Osler

Clinical Knowledge Areas

The AMC Clinical Exam covers the common problems seen in Australian general practice, emergency departments, and hospital wards. These AMC Clinical Key Topics sit across general medicine, paediatrics, women’s health, surgery, psychiatry, and ethics.

General Medicine

General medicine forms a large proportion of AMC Clinical Important Topics. You will see both undifferentiated acute presentations and chronic disease management.

Key areas include:

• Acute presentations:

  • Chest pain: differentiate ACS, pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, pneumothorax, pericarditis, GORD, and musculoskeletal causes.

  • Abdominal pain: appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, bowel obstruction, perforated ulcer, diverticulitis.

  • Headache: separate migraine and tension-type headache from red flags such as subarachnoid haemorrhage, meningitis, temporal arteritis, raised intracranial pressure.

  • Shortness of breath: asthma, COPD exacerbation, pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, and anxiety.

• Chronic conditions:

  • Diabetes: diagnosis, starting and titrating medication (including insulin), sick-day management, micro- and macrovascular complication screening, and hypoglycaemia.

  • Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: BP targets, drug choices, and lifestyle advice.

  • Asthma and COPD: control assessment, inhaler technique, written action plans.

  • Chronic kidney disease: staging, blood pressure control, managing proteinuria, avoiding nephrotoxins.

• Infectious diseases and sepsis:
  Recognise early sepsis (especially in older adults and children), order appropriate investigations, start empirical IV antibiotics, and apply early fluid resuscitation. Be ready to escalate care when there is hypotension, altered mental state, or rising lactate.

Strong performance in these AMC Clinical Key Topics shows examiners you can manage the core work of an Australian junior doctor.

Paediatrics

Paediatrics in the AMC Clinical Exam combines emergency care, routine assessments, and child- and family-centred communication.

Focus on:

• Paediatric emergencies:

  • Febrile seizure: stabilisation, distinguishing simple vs complex, counselling worried parents.

  • Dehydration: assessment (mild/moderate/severe), calculating fluid requirements, oral vs IV rehydration.

  • Respiratory distress: bronchiolitis, asthma, croup, pneumonia; when to escalate care.

• Routine neonatal and child checks:

  • Newborn examination: hips (DDH), heart murmurs, jaundice, red reflex, testicular descent.

  • Developmental assessment: milestones in gross motor, fine motor, speech and social domains.

  • Growth monitoring and nutrition: failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, iron deficiency.

• Communication with parents and carers:
  Explain diagnoses and management clearly, address vaccine concerns, and safety-net effectively (when to come back or call an ambulance). Be mindful of parental anxiety and use simple, reassuring language.

These paediatric AMC Clinical Important Topics also map well to PESCI-style general practice scenarios.

Obstetrics And Gynaecology

Women’s health is a recurring source of AMC Clinical Key Topics, across antenatal care, contraception, and acute obstetric complications.

Key areas:

• Antenatal care:

  • First antenatal visit: history, routine investigations, folate and iodine advice, lifestyle counselling.

  • Ongoing visits: blood pressure, weight, symphysis-fundal height, foetal movements, screening for domestic violence and mental health.

• Family planning and contraception:

  • Counselling on combined pills, progestogen-only methods, LARC (implants, IUDs), and barrier methods.

  • Taking a thorough history (migraine with aura, VTE, smoking, hypertension) to identify contraindications.

  • Discussing emergency contraception.

• Pregnancy complications:

  • Pre-eclampsia: risk factors, signs, initial management including blood pressure control and referral.

  • Gestational diabetes: screening, dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, pharmacological therapy, follow-up postpartum.

  • Early pregnancy problems: miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis.

These AMC Clinical Important Topics demand both sound medical knowledge and clear, sensitive counselling.

Surgery

Surgery stations test safe initial assessment and early management rather than operative detail.

Key topics:

• Trauma assessment:
  Apply a structured approach using DRSABCD and primary/secondary survey. Recognise airway compromise, tension pneumothorax, major haemorrhage, and when to call senior help.

• Acute surgical abdomen:
  Differentiate surgical from non-surgical causes. Take a focused history, perform an appropriate abdominal examination, and suggest relevant investigations (e.g. FBC, LFTs, lipase, ultrasound, CT).

• Post-operative complications:

  • Fever: consider atelectasis, pneumonia, wound infection, UTI, DVT/PE.

  • Shortness of breath, chest pain, calf pain: consider PE and DVT.

  • Bowel issues: post-op ileus vs bowel obstruction.

• Consent and peri-operative care:
  Explain risks and benefits in plain language, discuss fasting, DVT prophylaxis, and post-op pain control.

Psychiatry

Psychiatry contributes several AMC Clinical Key Topics, especially around risk, rapport, and safe discharge.

Core areas:

• Common conditions:

  • Depressive and anxiety disorders.

  • Psychosis (including first-episode psychosis).

  • Substance use disorders.

• Assessment skills:

  • Comprehensive psychiatric history and Mental State Examination (MSE).

  • Suicide and self-harm risk assessment (intent, plan, means, protective factors).

  • Assessing risk to others and risk of neglect.

• Management and counselling:

  • Starting first-line antidepressants and basic side-effect counselling.

  • Safety planning, involving family/supports with consent.

  • When to consider involuntary admission and how to explain it respectfully.

Ethics And Communication

Ethics and communication are AMC Clinical Important Topics that are tested across multiple stations.

You should be comfortable with:

• Consent, confidentiality, and privacy:
  Explain procedures and risks, check understanding, and assess capacity. Respect confidentiality while knowing when mandatory notification or disclosure is required.

• Breaking bad news:
  Use a structured approach such as the SPIKES protocol to deliver a serious diagnosis, discuss prognosis, or address a poor outcome.

• Challenging consultations:
  Managing an angry or distressed patient, addressing complaints, and negotiating realistic expectations.

• Cultural safety and Indigenous health:
  Show respect for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients, acknowledge historical and social factors affecting health, and adapt communication to support trust and shared decision-making.

Clinical Skills And Procedures

Strong performance in the AMC Clinical Exam depends on methodical clinical skills applied to these AMC Clinical Key Topics.

Key elements include:

• History taking using clear frameworks:

  • SOCRATES for pain.

  • SADMACHOT for adult background history (smoking, alcohol, drugs, medications/allergies, chronic illnesses, travel, family and psychosocial risks).

  • BINDSMACHOT for children (birth, immunisations, nutrition, development, social/school context, and the rest of the paediatric background).

  Practise saying these aloud so you can move through them smoothly under time pressure.

• Systematic physical examination:
  Adapt your examination to the scenario while remaining structured. Always introduce yourself, gain consent, wash or gel hands, and expose only as needed. Verbalise key steps so the examiner can follow your reasoning.

• Emergency life support (DRSABCD):
  In any collapse or unresponsive scenario, start with Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, Compressions, Defibrillation. Examiners value calm, orderly actions over dramatic gestures.

• Diagnostic tests:
  Suggest tests that are relevant, safe, and cost-conscious. Briefly state why you are ordering them and how results would change your management.

“A good history will lead you to the diagnosis in most cases.” — Traditional clinical teaching

These core skills underpin all AMC Clinical Important Topics and are equally helpful for PESCI interviews and daily practice.

Management Strategies In AMC Clinical Key Topics

Management in the AMC Clinical Exam goes beyond naming a drug. Examiners want to see that you can build a clear, patient-centred plan.

Your approach should cover:

• Pharmacological treatment:

  • Choose first-line medications and appropriate doses, staying informed about regulatory developments such as Health Canada Approves Lecanemab for specific conditions.

  • Mention key side effects and major contraindications.

  • State when you would review and what changes you would make if there is no improvement.

• Non-pharmacological management:

  • Lifestyle changes: diet, exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol reduction, sleep hygiene.

  • Psychological therapies: CBT for mild to moderate depression or anxiety, problem-solving therapy, stress management.

  • Safety-netting: what warning signs require urgent review or ED attendance.

• Referrals and team-based care:

  • Specialists (e.g. cardiologist, endocrinologist, psychiatrist, obstetrician).

  • Allied health (dietitian, physiotherapist, podiatrist, psychologist, social worker).

  • Community and support services (drug and alcohol services, domestic violence services).

• Follow-up and review:
  Always end with a clear follow-up plan: when you will review, what you will check, and how the patient can seek help earlier if needed.

Showing this breadth for AMC Clinical Important Topics convinces examiners that you are safe for unsupervised work as an intern.

High-Yield Case Scenarios To Expect

Some AMC Clinical Key Topics appear frequently because they mirror common real-world practice.

High-yield areas include:

• Chronic disease counselling:

  • New or poorly controlled diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, or asthma.

  • Explaining diagnosis, targets, medication plans, and lifestyle changes.

  • Negotiating realistic goals based on the patient’s priorities.

• Emergency and acute care:

  • Acute chest pain concerning for myocardial infarction.

  • Sepsis with hypotension or altered mental state.

  • Acute asthma exacerbation or anaphylaxis.

  • Paediatric respiratory distress or dehydration.

• Women’s health and pregnancy:

  • Positive pregnancy test and first antenatal visit.

  • Bleeding in early pregnancy.

  • Abnormal Pap/HPV test results and follow-up.

• Mental health and risk:

  • Suicidal ideation in a patient with depression.

  • Psychosis with risk to self or others.

  • Substance use affecting work or family.

• Communication-focused stations:

  • Breaking bad news (new cancer diagnosis, poor prognosis).

  • Obtaining informed consent for a procedure or surgery.

  • Addressing a complaint or an error openly and honestly.

Building a bank of practised cases around these AMC Clinical Important Topics will make exam day scenarios feel more familiar.

AMC Clinical Exam Structure, Stations And Scoring

Understanding the format of the exam is just as important as knowing the AMC Clinical Key Topics.

Circuit Format And Station Types

• The clinical exam is run as a circuit of 20 stations.

• 16 stations involve active assessment; four are rest stations.

• Of the 16 assessed stations:

  • 14 stations are scored and count towards your result.

  • 2 stations are pilot stations used to trial new material; they are usually not counted in your score.

Each station lasts 10 minutes:

• 2 minutes reading time outside the room.

• 8 minutes with the examiner and/or simulated patient.

Scenarios may involve:

• Actors playing patients.

• Video clips or photographs.

• Written material such as charts, results, and referral letters.

Treat every station as if it is scored; you will not know which ones are pilots.

A quick summary of the circuit:

Feature	Detail
Total stations	20
Active stations	16
Scored stations	14
Pilot stations	2 (usually not scored)
Time per station	10 minutes (2 read + 8 interaction)

Pass Requirements And Marking

From March 2024, the pass standard is:

• Pass: at least 9 of the 14 scored stations passed.

• Fail: 8 or fewer stations passed.

Outcome	Requirement
Pass	≥ 9 scored stations passed
Fail	≤ 8 scored stations passed

Examiners use a global rating based on:

• Key clinical steps for the station.

• Performance within the relevant assessment domain (history, examination, diagnostics, management/education).

• Overall safety and professional behaviour.

Results are released via your AMC account, usually three weeks after the exam. Knowing this structure helps you target your preparation around the most common AMC Clinical Important Topics.

Assessment Domains, Communication And Professionalism

Every station is built around one main assessment domain, with communication and professionalism assessed throughout.

The Four Core Assessment Domains

1. History taking
   Focused, patient-centred history guided by frameworks such as SOCRATES, SADMACHOT, and BINDSMACHOT.

2. Physical examination
   Systematic, efficient, and matched to the presentation, with clear explanation and patient comfort.

3. Diagnostic reasoning

   • Generate a sensible differential diagnosis list.

   • Order appropriate initial investigations.

   • Interpret key results and narrow your diagnosis.

4. Management, counselling and education

   • Provide a comprehensive management plan.

   • Explain condition and treatment in simple language.

   • Involve the patient in shared decision-making.

Being able to move smoothly through these domains for the main AMC Clinical Important Topics is central to passing.

Professional Behaviour And Cultural Safety

Alongside clinical content, examiners are watching for:

• Respectful conduct: polite, calm, and attentive behaviour towards patients, examiners, and staff.

• Clear boundaries: appropriate touch, chaperone use when indicated, and respect for privacy.

• Cultural safety:

  • Acknowledge the specific health needs and perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

  • Avoid assumptions; ask how cultural or community factors affect health and decision-making.

  • Show willingness to work with family and community supports if the patient wishes.

Poor professionalism can lead to a fail even when knowledge of AMC Clinical Key Topics is sound.

Study Plan And Preparation Tips For AMC Clinical Important Topics

A planned, systematic approach will help you cover AMC Clinical Important Topics without burning out.

Build Your Study Plan Around AMC Clinical Key Topics

• List the main AMC Clinical Important Topics in each discipline (general medicine, paediatrics, O&G, surgery, psychiatry, ethics).

• Rate yourself (e.g. strong / moderate / needs work) and prioritise weaker areas.

• Create a weekly schedule that alternates content revision with exam-style case practice.

Group practice is especially useful:

• Form small study groups to run 8‑minute mock stations.

• Take turns as candidate, patient, and examiner.

• Give each other specific feedback on structure, time management, and communication.

If you consider a bridging course, remember the AMC does not accredit or endorse any specific provider. Review course outlines, teaching methods, and feedback opportunities to see whether they meet your learning needs.

“You do not rise to the level of your goals; you fall to the level of your preparation.” — James Clear

Use Official AMC Resources And Exam-Style Practice

Anchor your preparation to what the AMC itself publishes:

• Clinical Examination Specifications: outlines format, topics and required standard.

• Briefing video: explains logistics, station timing, and exam rules.

• Tips from examiners: highlights common errors and what impresses examiners.

• Suggested reading list: so your references match Australian practice.

For online exam sittings, check technical and environmental requirements early:

• A suitable computer meeting AMC specifications.

• Stable, high-speed internet connection.

• Quiet, private room with no interruptions.

• Wired headphones with microphone, plus a backup set.

Test your setup in advance so you can focus on AMC Clinical Key Topics rather than technical issues.

Exam-Day Strategy And Time Management

On the day:

• Arrive early (or log in early) to settle your nerves.

• Use the 2 minutes reading time to:

  • Identify the station’s main task and assessment domain.

  • Decide on a clear structure (e.g. focused chest pain history and initial management).

• During the 8 minutes:

  • Introduce yourself and confirm patient details quickly.

  • Signpost what you are doing (“I’ll first ask some questions, then examine your chest”).

  • Summarise and outline a brief management plan before the bell, even if not prompted.

If a station goes badly, mentally park it and move on. Each new station is a fresh opportunity to demonstrate your grasp of AMC Clinical Important Topics.

By understanding the exam structure, focusing on the AMC Clinical Important Topics across each specialty, and practising under exam conditions, you can approach the AMC Clinical Exam with confidence. Consistent, focused preparation will also strengthen your performance in PESCI interviews and everyday Australian clinical practice.